Over the years I have trained many dogs without the e-collar. But the collar is such a wonderful tool that makes for almost perfect timing regardless of distance that I use it with all dogs now.

In addition to the e-collar I train all dogs with a collar either a flat buckle or a metal chain collar (choke chain) a leash and long lines. So I don't use the e-collar only.

I think the wonderful jazz singer Billy Holiday said one time. "I been rich and I been poor and rich is better"

I feel the same way about training with the e-collar. I trained with it and I trained without it and with it is better.